Caesar, the appellation of Roman emperors derived from the Roman dictator Julius Caesar, whose great-nephew and adopted son Gaius Julius Caesar Augustus became the first emperor of Rome.The realm of an emperor or empress is termed an Empire. In English, the feminine form is Empress (the Latin is imperatrix). Soldiers would salute the leader of a victorious army as ' imperator'. " Emperor" (in English), Imperador (in Portuguese), Emperador (in Spanish) and Empereur (in French), from the Latin Imperator, was originally a military title.The sovereign titles listed below are grouped together into categories roughly according to their degree of dignity these being: imperial (Emperor/Empress, etc.), royal (King/Queen, Grand Duke, etc.), others (sovereign Prince, sovereign Duke, etc.), and religious. Many titles listed may also be used by lesser nobles – non-sovereigns – depending on the historical period and state. Autocrat is derived from the Greek αὐτοκράτωρ: αὐτός ("self") and κρατείν ("to hold power"), and may be translated as "one who rules by themself".Ĭommon titles for European, Latin American, and Asian monarchs. The word sovereign is derived from the Latin super ("above").The word monarch is derived from the Greek μονάρχης, monárkhēs, "sole ruler" (from μόνος, mónos, "single" or "sole", and ἄρχων, árkhōn, archon, "leader", "ruler", "chief", the word being the present participle of the verb ἄρχειν, árkhein, "to rule", "to lead", this from the noun ὰρχή, arkhē, "beginning", "authority", "principle") through the Latinized form monarcha.These titles are granted by the monarch and are not hereditary. Some common honorary titles include Knighthood, Damehood, and Companion of Honour. These titles do not carry any legal or social privileges, but are instead granted as a way to recognize individuals for their contributions to society. In addition to peerages, there are also a number of honorary titles in England. Since the Life Peerages Act 1958, nearly all new peerages are life baronies. Life peerages, on the other hand, are granted to an individual for their lifetime only and do not pass down to their heirs.īefore 1958, life peerages were relatively rare, and were held not to entitle the bearer to sit in the House of Lords. Hereditary peerages are those that are passed down through the male line of the family. There are two types of peerages in England: hereditary and life peerages. By the 18th century, peerages were no longer granted as a reward for military service, but instead were granted as a way to recognize social status and political influence. The peerage system became more formalized over time. The peerage was divided into five ranks from highest to lowest, these are: Duke, Marquess, Earl, Viscount, and Baron. The peerage consisted of those who held titles granted by the monarch, but who did not necessarily hold any land or have any feudal responsibilities. In the 14th century, the peerage began to emerge as a separate entity from the feudal system. The monarch was the ultimate authority and was able to grant and revoke titles as they saw fit. Dukes were the highest rank of nobility and were responsible for the largest territories, known as duchies. Earls were the next highest rank and were responsible for larger territories. These nobles were given titles such as Baron, Earl, and Duke, which were passed down through the male line of the family.īarons were the lowest rank of nobility and were granted small parcels of land. Under this system, land was granted to nobles in exchange for their loyalty and military service to the monarch. The feudal system was a social and economic system that dominated Europe during the Middle Ages. ( March 2023) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message) Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Imperial, royal, noble, gentry and chivalric ranks in West, Central, South Asia and North Africa
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